Does eco-certification add to product cost?

Some eco-certifications add cost; others don't. Cost-neutral: OEKO-TEX 100 (already standard for tier-1 mills), FSC for paper (most are already FSC mix), recycled rPET (essentially same cost as virgin). Cost-additive: GOTS organic cotton (+25-35% over conventional), Fairtrade (+10-25%), recycled PET 100% (+15-25%), GRS (+10-20% for transparency premium), BSCI/Sedex audit verification (+5-10% for verified factory). Strategy: combine cost-neutral certs to claim 'sustainable' credibility without major price increase; add cost-additive only when client specifically requires.