Глоссарий
50 terms — merch.am
Глоссарий A–Z
- /.well-known/
- /.well-known/ is a standardized URI prefix (RFC 5785) for site-level metadata files: security.txt (RFC 9116), apple-app-site-association, host-meta, openid-configuration. Search and security crawlers …
- 300 DPI
- 300 dots-per-inch (DPI) is the print-quality threshold for raster images. Below 300 DPI: visible pixelation in print. Above: no visible improvement. Logo files at 300+ DPI at final print size are requ…
- AQL
- Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL) — статистический стандарт выборочного контроля качества. AQL 2.5 — стандарт для корпоративного мерча: при тираже 1000 шт. инспектируется 80, допустимо до 5 minor + 3 maj…
- Bleed
- Print bleed is the 3-5 mm extra graphic area extending beyond the trim line. Prevents white edges if cutting is slightly off. Standard for printed packaging, gift boxes, brochures. Files must include …
- BSCI
- Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI) is a third-party social audit framework for supply chains. Audits cover labor rights, working hours, fair pay, no child/forced labor, occupational safety. …
- CE
- Conformité Européenne (CE) is the EU mandatory marking for products in 23 regulated categories (electronics, toys, PPE, medical). Requires technical file, EU Declaration of Conformity, harmonized stan…
- Cloudflare Turnstile
- Cloudflare Turnstile is a privacy-preserving CAPTCHA alternative. No tracking cookies, GDPR-compliant. We use Turnstile on contact forms across all 6 sister domains with shared sitekey.
- CMR
- Convention Relative au Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route (CMR) is the international road-freight bill of lading. Required for cross-border truck transport in 50+ European/As…
- CMYK
- CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key=Black) is the 4-color process printing model. CMYK gamut is smaller than RGB or Pantone, can't reproduce ~30% of brand colors (especially metallics, neons). Used in DT…
- DDP
- Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) Incoterm: seller arranges delivery to buyer's door including all import duties, VAT, customs clearance. Highest seller responsibility, simplest for buyer. Premium pricing, bu…
- Deboss/Emboss
- Embossing presses paper/leather to create raised relief; debossing creates depressed relief. Both use a custom die. Adds tactile premium feel without color. Used on hardcover journals, leather portfol…
- Delta-E
- Delta-E (ΔE) — численная мера разницы между двумя цветами в цветовом пространстве CIELAB. ΔE ≤ 1.0 неотличимо невооружённым глазом, ΔE ≤ 2.5 — стандарт корпоративного брендинга, ΔE > 5.0 — заметная ра…
- Die-cut
- Die-cutting uses a metal die to cut paper/cardboard/leather/foam into custom shapes. Used for shaped business cards, custom packaging, cardholder cutouts, sticker shapes. Setup cost 80-300 EUR per die…
- DTF
- Direct-to-Film (DTF) — гибридный метод: цифровая печать на специальной плёнке + клей-порошок + термопресс на изделие. Полная CMYK+W гамма, гибкость по материалу (хлопок, синтетика, кожа). Стойкость 30…
- DTG
- Direct-to-Garment (DTG) — цифровая печать непосредственно на готовом изделии (футболка, толстовка). Подходит для мелких тиражей с фото-качеством, полная цветовая гамма CMYK+W. Минимум от 1 шт., но дор…
- Embroidery
- Embroidery is a premium branding method using stitched thread on caps, polos, hoodies, jackets. 10+ year durability, 3D texture, signature corporate look. MOQ 25-50 units. Up to 12 thread colors per d…
- ESMA
- Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology (ESMA) issues conformity certifications for products imported into UAE. ECAS (Emirates Conformity Assessment Scheme) covers electronics, low voltag…
- EUR.1
- EUR.1 / EUR-MED — таможенные сертификаты происхождения для preferential treatment в EU/EFTA соглашениях о свободной торговле. Снижают или обнуляют импортные пошлины на товар. Обязательны для экспорта …
- Fairtrade
- Fairtrade certification ensures producers in developing countries receive minimum guaranteed prices + Fairtrade Premium for community development. For corporate merch: cotton, coffee, cocoa products. …
- FOB
- Free On Board (FOB) Incoterm: seller delivers goods to a named port and loads on vessel. Buyer assumes risk + cost from that point. Most common for sea freight. Used by Asian factories shipping to EU/…
- Foil Stamping
- Foil stamping (hot stamping) presses metallic foil (gold, silver, copper, holographic) onto paper, leather, fabric using a heated metal die. Premium effect for invitations, packaging, journals. Setup …
- FSC
- Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) — международный стандарт устойчивого лесного хозяйства. FSC 100% — полностью из сертифицированных лесов; FSC Mix — смесь сертифицированных + recycled + контролируемых;…
- GOTS
- Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) certifies organic fiber content (≥70% organic) plus environmental + social criteria across the entire textile supply chain. Stricter than OEKO-TEX (covers fiber …
- GRS
- Global Recycled Standard (GRS) certifies recycled content in products (≥20% recycled). Covers chain-of-custody, environmental impact, social responsibility. Stricter than RCS (Recycled Claim Standard,…
- Halal
- Halal certification confirms a product complies with Islamic dietary and ethical law. For corporate merch, applies to leather (no pig-source), cosmetics, food/beverage gifts. Issued by national Halal …
- hreflang
- hreflang is an HTML attribute (or HTTP header) specifying the language and regional targeting of a page. Format: hreflang='en-US', 'ru', 'tr-TR'. Critical for multi-language sites — Google uses it to …
- HS Code
- Harmonized System (HS) Code is a 6-10 digit international product classification used for customs declarations and tariffs. Corporate merch HS codes: t-shirts 6109.10, mugs 6912.00, leather portfolios…
- Incoterms
- International Commercial Terms (Incoterms 2020) define buyer/seller responsibilities for shipping costs, customs, insurance, risk. Common: EXW (ex-works), FOB (free on board), CIF (cost+insurance+frei…
- IndexNow
- IndexNow is an open protocol (by Microsoft Bing + Yandex + Naver + Yep + Seznam) for instant URL submission to search engines. Replaces deprecated sitemap pings. We use IndexNow API to submit URL chan…
- ISO 14001
- ISO 14001 is the international standard for Environmental Management Systems (EMS). Certified factories track water/energy/waste, set reduction targets, train staff, audit annually. Mandatory for many…
- ISO 9001
- ISO 9001 is the international standard for Quality Management Systems (QMS). Certified factories follow documented procedures for design control, supplier management, calibration, traceability, correc…
- Lamination
- Lamination is applying a thin plastic film (matte or gloss) to printed paper/card for protection and finish. Matte = sophisticated, fingerprint-resistant. Gloss = vibrant colors. Soft-touch lamination…
- Laser Engraving
- Laser engraving is a permanent branding method that ablates material to create a tonal etch. Used on metal, wood, leather, glass, anodized aluminum. No color (tonal only) but extreme durability — outl…
- MOQ
- MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity, минимальный объём заказа) — наименьший тираж, который производитель готов изготовить. В корпоративном мерче типичные MOQ: 30 шт. для премиум-артикулов, 50 шт. для стандарт…
- OEKO-TEX 100
- OEKO-TEX Standard 100 — глобальный сертификат безопасности текстиля. Подтверждает отсутствие 1000+ вредных веществ (пестициды, тяжёлые металлы, формальдегид, нитрозамины) согласно ECHA SVHC + REACH. О…
- Pad Printing
- Pad printing (tampography) transfers ink from a silicone pad onto curved/uneven surfaces — pens, USB drives, sport bottles, electronics. Limited to small areas (~5x5 cm) and 1-3 colors. Setup cost low…
- Pantone PMS
- Pantone Matching System (PMS) — глобально признанная система точной идентификации цветов. Каждый цвет имеет уникальный код (например, PMS 186 C). В корпоративном мерче Pantone обеспечивает идентичност…
- PWA
- Progressive Web App (PWA) is a web app installable to mobile/desktop home screen, with offline support, push notifications. Requires manifest.json + service worker. We deploy manifest.json on all 6 do…
- REACH
- Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is the EU framework for chemical safety. SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) candidate list updated semi-annually. Requi…
- RoHS
- Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is an EU directive (2011/65/EU) restricting 10 hazardous substances in electrical/electronic equipment: Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr(VI), PBB, PBDE, DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIIBP.…
- rPET
- Recycled PET (rPET) is polyester yarn made from post-consumer plastic bottles. ~9 PET bottles → 1 t-shirt. Reduces virgin plastic use by 40-60%, but with similar durability. Common in eco-friendly tot…
- Schema.org
- Schema.org is a vocabulary for structured data on web pages, used by Google, Bing, Yandex, AI search (ChatGPT/Perplexity/Claude). JSON-LD format. We deploy: Product, Service, HowTo, FAQPage, LocalBusi…
- Sedex
- Supplier Ethical Data Exchange (Sedex) is an alternative to BSCI for ethical sourcing transparency. SMETA audit reports cover labor, health & safety, environment, business ethics. Many multinationals …
- Silkscreen
- Silkscreen (silk-screen, screen printing) is the most durable branding method for textiles and flat surfaces. Ink is forced through a stencil mesh onto the substrate. Best for 1-3 spot colors on cotto…
- Spot Color
- A spot color is a pre-mixed ink (Pantone PMS, etc.) applied as a single discrete color, vs. CMYK process printing. Spot colors give exact brand-color matching, especially for off-gamut colors (metalli…
- Strike-off
- Strike-off — pre-production sample (ниже также «оттиск», «нулевая партия») с напечатанным logo, изготовленный до серийного производства. Используется для финального утверждения цвета, размещения logo,…
- Sublimation
- Sublimation is digital printing where ink converts to gas and bonds with polyester fibers or polymer-coated surfaces. Photo-quality, full CMYK gamut, no color limit. Works only on white/light syntheti…
- UV Print
- UV printing uses ultraviolet-cured inks on hard surfaces (metal, ceramic, leather, glass, polycarbonate, plastic). Full CMYK+W gamut, photo-quality output, scratch-resistant. Suitable for power banks,…
- Vector File
- Vector files (AI, EPS, SVG, PDF) describe images as math (paths, shapes), unlike raster (JPG, PNG, pixels). Required for high-quality logo printing — vectors scale to any size without quality loss. We…
- Vegan Leather
- Vegan leather (PU, PVC, mushroom-based, cactus-based, recycled rubber) is animal-free leather alternative. Durability varies by source: PU 3-5 years, mushroom (mycelium) 5+ years, cactus (Desserto) 8+…