OEM custom-designed vs stock merch — when each makes sense

Stock merch (catalog items branded with logo): MOQ low (50-100), turnaround 5-8 days, cost per unit 30-180 EUR, branding-only differentiation. OEM custom-designed (manufactured to spec): MOQ 500-1000, turnaround 35-60 days (incl. tooling), cost per unit similar or lower at scale, full design freedom (shape, color, material). When stock: <500 units, time-critical, brand-color-only differentiation. When OEM: 500+ units, 35+ days lead time, distinctive design integral to product (custom packaging, monogram cuts, special closures, brand-shaped products).